and our By-The-Glass Selections Pairings
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Wine Facts and Trivia:
Thomas  Jefferson's salary was $25,000 per year - a princely sum, but  the  expenses were also great. In 1801 Jefferson spent $6,500 for  provisions  and groceries, $2,700 for servants (some of whom were  liveried), $500  for Lewis's salary, and $3,000 for wine."
Thomas  Jefferson helped stock the wine cellars of the first five U.S.   presidents and was very partial to fine Bordeaux and Madeira.
Cork  was developed as a bottle closure in the late 17th century. It  was  only after this that bottles were lain down for aging, and the  bottle  shapes slowly changed from short and bulbous to tall and slender.
The Napa Valley crop described in 1889 newspapers as the finest of its kind grown in the U.S. was...hops.
What is the ideal temperature for wine?
Whites: chilled (45-55 degrees F) for a few hours in the refrigerator.
Whites: chilled (45-55 degrees F) for a few hours in the refrigerator.
Reds: slightly cooler than room temperature (about 65 degrees); Younger fruity reds benefit from chilling.Sparkling Wine: thoroughly chilled; refrigerate several hours or the night before serving.Dessert Wine: room temperature.
Chilling tones down the sweetness of wine. If a red wine becomes too warm, it may lose some of its fruity flavor.
Should I ever use a decanter for my wines?A  decanter is  used mainly to remove sediment from older red wines.   Also, it can be  used to open up young red wines.  Otherwise, wine will  "breathe" enough  in your glass and decanting is not necessary.
Why should I swirl wine in my glass before I drink it?
By swirling your wine, oxygen is invited into the glass, which allows the aromas to escape.
By swirling your wine, oxygen is invited into the glass, which allows the aromas to escape.
Some of the best-known grape varietals and their characteristics:
Sauvignon Blanc  - Sauvignon Blanc is a white wine best known  for its grassy, herbal  flavors. Sauvignon Blanc is also called Fume  Blanc, and is a popular  choice for fish and shellfish dishes.
Pinot Gris  (Pinot Grigio) - The low acidity of this white  varietal helps produce  rich, lightly perfumed wines that are often more  colorful than other  whites. The best ones have pear and spice-cake  flavors.
Chardonnay  - Chardonnay is a white wine which can range from  clean and crisp with  a hint of varietal flavor to rich and complex  oak-aged wines.  Chardonnay typically balances fruit, acidity and  texture.  This  varietal goes well with everything from fish and poultry  to cheeses,  spicy foods and nut sauces.
Muscat  - The white Muscat grape produces spicy, floral wines  that often do  something most other wines don't: they actually taste like  grapes.  Muscats can range from very dry and fresh to sweet and syrupy.  This  varietal is often served with puddings and chocolate desserts.
Gewurztraminer  - Gewurztraminer is a white wine that produces  distinctive wines rich  in spicy aromas and full flavors, ranging from  dry to sweet. Smells and  flavors of litchi nuts, gingerbread, vanilla,  grapefruit, and  honeysuckle come out of this varietal.  It is often a  popular choice  for Asian cuisines and pork-based sausages.
Riesling  - Rieslings are white wines known for their floral  perfume. Depending  on where they're made, they can be crisp and  bone-dry, full-bodied and  spicy or luscious and sweet. The flavor is  often of peaches, apricots,  honey, and apples and pairs well with duck,  pork, and roast vegetables.
Champagne/Sparkling Wine  - These wines are made effervescent  in the wine-making process.  Champagnes and sparkling wines range in  style from very dry (Natural),  dry (brut) and slightly sweet (extra Dry)  to sweet (sec and Demi-Sec).  Many sparkling wines are also identified  as Blanc de Blancs (wines made  from white grapes) or Blanc de Noirs  (wines produced from red grapes).
Pinot Noir  - Pinot Noir is a red wine of light to medium body  and delicate,  smooth, rich complexity with earthy aromas.  They are less  tannic than a  cabernet sauvignon or a merlot.  Pinot Noirs exude the  flavor of baked  cherries, plums, mushrooms, cedar, cigars, and  chocolate.
Zinfandel  - Primarily thought of as a Californian varietal  (though recently  proven to have originated from vineyards in Croatia),  Zinfandel is a  red wine with light to full body and berry-like or spicy  flavors. The  Zinfandel grape is also widely used in the popular off-dry  blush wine  known as White Zinfandel. The Red Zinfandel pairs well with  moderately  spicy meat dishes and casseroles. 
Syrah  (Shiraz) - Syrah can produce monumental red wines with  strong tannins  and complex combinations of flavors including berry, plum  and smoke.  It's known as Shiraz mainly in Australia and South Africa.
Petite Sirah  - Petite Sirahs are red wines with firm, robust  tannic tastes, often  with peppery flavors. Petite Sirahs may complement  meals with rich  meats.
Merlot  - Merlot is a red wine with medium to full body and  herbaceous  flavors. Merlot is typically softer in taste than Cabernet  Sauvignon.   It's flavors and aromas include blackberry, baked cherries,  plums,  chocolate, and mocha.
Cabernet Sauvignon  - Cabernet Sauvignon is a red wine known  for its depth of flavor,  aroma and ability to age. It is full-bodied and  intense, with cherry-  currant and sometimes herbal flavors. Cabernet  Sauvignon may have  noticeable tannins.
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